If you’re moving to the Netherlands with children, it’s important to understand how the school system works. Dutch education is well-organized, accessible, and offers multiple options for both local and international families.

1. Is School Mandatory in the Netherlands?

Yes. Children must attend school from the age of 5, but most children start earlier — at age 4 — when they enter group 1 of primary school (basisschool).

School is free at public schools
Private or international schools often charge tuition
School attendance is compulsory until the age of 16, and partially until 18

2. School Structure (Age and Levels)

Age	Dutch Education Level	Notes
4–12	Basisschool (primary school)	Groups 1–8
12–16/18	Voortgezet onderwijs (secondary school)	Divided into different tracks

After group 8, students go to secondary school, which includes:

VMBO – practical education (4 years)
HAVO – general education (5 years)
VWO – pre-university level (6 years)

Placement depends on a combination of test scores, teacher advice, and parent input.

3. Public vs. Private vs. International Schools

Public schools (openbare scholen) – funded by the government and open to all children, regardless of religion or background
Specialized or religious schools – may follow Christian, Islamic, or other philosophies but are also government-funded
International schools – offer English (or French, German) curriculums and are ideal for expat families; tuition fees apply

4. Enrolling Your Child

Steps to register:

Contact the school of your choice to ask if they have space
You may need to register through the municipality in some cities
Provide:
- Passport or ID of the child
- BSN number
- Proof of address

Some schools may ask for a short intake meeting or a placement assessment.

Tip: In cities like Amsterdam, school registration starts very early — sometimes when the child is 3 years old. Always check the local rules.